1. Horn, Netherlands.

2. Secretary of State for Marine Gabriel de Sartine to d’Estaing, 2 Apr. 1778, printed in Michel, Comte d’Estaing, pp. 390–92. In the letter, Sartine states that the king expects his naval officers to defend their ships to the last extremity and stresses the necessity of subordination. The king ordered the letter to be read aboard the Languedoc to the general officers as well as to captains commanding ships, who, a copy having been given to each, were in turn to read the letter to their staff officers.

3. Perhaps William Selby, of Pitts Landing, Va. See Maryland Council of Safety to William Selby, 28 June 1776, in NDAR 5: 792. The name of the sloop has not been identified.

4. Ship Charlotte, Thomas Towson, master, built at New Providence in 1774, owned by Duncomb. Coming from New Providence, she carried a cargo on cotton, indigo, syrup, and molasses. Lloyd’s Register of Ships, 1777–1778; “Liste des Prises faites sur les anglais; Par l’Escadre du Roy...,” FrPNA, Marine B⁴, vol. 151, fol. 131; “Liste de prisonniers Anglois fait par L’Escadre du Roi...,” FrPNA, Marine B⁴, vol. 151, fol. 152; and “Etat des prises faites par L’Escadre du Roy...,” FrPNA, Marine B⁴, vol. 152, fol. 194.